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About Pendl Lab
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Microphotography
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Hematology
Histology
Cytology
Macroscopy

Hematology

Avian blood cells: three mononuclear cells, four heterophils, one eosinophil, one basophil, one thrombocyte, one polychromatic erythrocyte, hypochromasia of mature, erythrocytes; Steamer duck (Tachyeres sp.), Wright Giemsa, 1000x

Eosinophil with round basophilic granules typical for psittacines, Yellow-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea), Wright Giemsa, 1000x

Heterophilic metamyelocyte in telophase of mitosis; Olive Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea); Wright Giemsa, 1000x

Septicemia, bacteriemia: Intravascular bacteriophagocytosis by a heterophil with signs of toxicity (loss of granules, basophilia) and left shift (non-lobulated nucleus); Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus), Wright Giemsa, 1000x

Whip-like projection from a heterophil resembling heterophil extracellular trap (HET, Stacy et al. 2017, Chuammitri et al. 2009); Aldabra Giant Tortoise (Aldabrachelys gigantea), Wright Giemsa, 1000x

Prominent regenerative left shift of erythrocytes suggesting a hypoxemia inducing stressor which triggers increased erythropoiesis; Greek tortoise (Testudo graeca), Wright Giemsa, 400x

Reptarenavirus infection: Boid Inclusion Body Disease (BIBD), round, light basophilic, glassy intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in heterophils and azurophils, confirmation by PCR; Boa constrictor, Wright Giemsa, 1000x

Parahaemoproteus homohandai gametocytes within erythrocytes (species identification: Valkiunas et. al. 2017); Green-winged macaw (Ara chloroptera), Wright Giemsa, 1000x

Plasmodium sp. gametocyte in one erythrocyte with characteristic dislocation of the host cell nucleus, regenerative left shift, tendency of hemolysis, Common raven (Corvus corax), Wright Giemsa, 1000x

Trypanosoma sp., trypomastigote stage; Toco toucan (Ramphastos toco), buffy coat preparation, Diff Quik®, 1000x

Microfilaria; Toco toucan (Ramphastos toco), buffy coat preparation, Diff Quik®, 1000x

Leukozytozoon toddi macrogametocyte close to the host cell nucleus, cell hemoglobin completely digested, cell membrane = delicate line to the right, degenerative left shift of erythrocytes; Harris' Hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus), Wright Giemsa, 1000x

Histology

Normal pigmented skin; Blue and gold macaw (Ara ararauna), PAS, 1000x

Normal tendon tissue; Gouldian finch (Erythrura gouldiae), HE, polarized light, 1000x

Normal tendon tissue: insertion into osteochondral tissue of the pelvic bone Gouldian finch (Erythrura gouldiae), HE, polarized light, 1000x

Normal respiratory epithelium, trachea; chicken (Gallus gallus), PAS, 400x

Renal gout: Urate tophus in necrotic tubule; Red-crowned parakeet (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) HE, 1000x

Reptarenavirus infection: Boid inclusion body disease (BIBD), intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in lymphocytes, oesophageal tonsil; Boa constrictor, HE, 1000x

Hemorrhagic stroke: cerebellar yolk embolus and hemorrhage in organisation; Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), 10ys, female, breeding bird with history of chronic neurologic symptoms, HE, 100x

Polyomavirus infection: multiple pale intranuclear inclusion bodies in the wall of a splenic vessel; Blue and gold macaw (Ara ararauna) chick (14d), HE, 400x

Sarcocystis sp., final host: Sporulated oocysts in the Lamina propria mucosae of an intestinal villus; European Sparrow Hawk (Accipiter nisus), HE, 1000x

Nematodiasis: cross section of Heterakis or Ascaridia sp., small intestine; Chicken (gallus gallus), PAS, 100x

Aspergillus sp.: Conidiophore with multiple spores in aerated space of lung tissue; Harris' hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus), PAS, 1000x

Poxvirus infection: intracytoplasmic Bollinger bodies in eyelid epithelium; Hazel grouse (Tetrastes bonasia), HE, 1000x

Cytology

Normal testis in production: mature sperms, two erythrocytes; Cornsnake (Pantherophis guttata), touch imprint, Wright Giemsa, 1000x

Normal kidney: urates within a fragmented tubule; Pigeon (Columba livia), squash preparation, Wright Giemsa, 1000x

Herpesvirus infection: Intranuclear inclusion bodies (INIBs) and formation of syncytia in a cluster of epithelial cells; Hermann's tortoise (Testudo hermanni), tongue scraping during necropsy, Wright Giemsa, 1000x

Ovum of Capillaria sp.; European Sparrow hawk (Accipiter nisus), intestinal scraping, Wright Giemsa, 1000x

Sarcocystis sp., final host: Open, desporulated oocysts, European Sparrow hawk (Accipiter nisus), intestinal scraping, Wright Giemsa, 1000x

Sarcocystis sp., intermediate host: cystozoites, squash preparation of rice grain like cyst in pectoral muscle, Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Wright Giemsa, 1000x

Mycobacteriosis: negative staining "ghost rods" within macrophage; Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), spleen squash, Diff Quik®, 1000x

Polyomavirus infection: intranuclear inclusion body (INIB), chromatin marginalization and displacement of the nucleolus to the nuclear membrane (11 o'clock); confirmed by PCR; Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), liver squash, Wright Giemsa, 1000x

Chlamydiosis: cluster of serosal cells with intracytoplasmic, round to oval, very small elementary and reticulate bodies, as well as intermediate stages, confirmed by PCR; Great-green macaw (Ara ambigua), serosal imprint spleen, Wright Giemsa, 1000x

Atoxoplasmosis: apicomplexan merozoite within mononuclear cell; Eurasian Bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula), spleen, touch imprint, Wright Giemsa, 1000x

Cryptosporidiosis: negative staining developmental stages (immature oocysts and meronts); Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug), smear preparation of nasal discharge, Diff Quik®, 1000x

Cryptosporidiosis: only the mature oocysts stain acid fast positive; Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug), smear preparation of nasal discharge, Fite Faraco, 1000x

Macroscopy

Normal contour feathers of a gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus)

Normal rectrices of a Chestnut-fronted macaw (Ara severa): The feather vane is formed by a continuous series of feather barbs (rami) originating from the feather shaft (rachis) and connected to each other by barbules (radii)

Normal microanatomy of a feather vane: distally directed barbules (radii) firmly connect with their hooklets (hamuli) to proximally directed barbules without hooklets; Red-tailed Kite (Milvus milvus), native sample, 40x

Delicate irregular lesions in a feather vane: multifocal lack of feather barbules (poximally directed barbules more affected than distally directed barbules), lack of hooklets in the vane, Red-tailed Kite (Milvus milvus), native sample, 40x

Polyomavirus infection: dystrophic dune feathers with retained feather sheaths, confirmed by PCR, Budgerigar nestling (Melopsittacus undulatus), corresponding cytology and histology in gallery

Change of feather colours in a Great-green Macaw (Ara ambigua): in psittacines, these colour changes are frequently associated with hepatopathies; this bird was tested positive for Chlamydia psittaci - corresponding cytology in the gallery

Pendl Lab

Diagnostic microscopy

Hematology, Cytology, and Histopathology
in Birds and Reptiles

Dr. med. vet. Helene Pendl

Contact

+41 41 740 32 25

+41 41 740 32 27

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Untere Roostmatt 7
6300 Zug
Schweiz

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